Plasmalogens are a type of phospholipid that is present in the membranes of cells throughout the body, particularly in the brain, heart, and other organs with high metabolic activity.
Plasmalogens were thought to be involved in the membrane bilayer formation and anti-oxidant function. However, extensive studies revealed various beneficial biological activities including prevention of neuroinflammation, improvement of cognitive function, and inhibition of neuronal cell death.
The biological activities of Plasmalogens were associated with the changes in cellular signaling and gene expression. Membrane-bound GPCRs were identified as possible receptors for Plasmalogens suggesting they may function as ligands or hormones. Aging, stress, and inflammatory stimuli reduced the Plasmalogen contents in cells, and addition of Pls inhibited inflammatory processes, which could suggest that reduction of Plasmalogens might be one of the risk factors for the diseases associated with inflammation.
Deficiencies in Plasmalogens have been linked to several neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease.
Rett syndrome is a rare genetic neurological disorder caused by mutations of the methyl-CpG binding protein 2 (MECP2). It is characterized by normal early psychomotor development, followed by severe neurologic regression, affecting nearly every aspect of life: ability to speak, walk, eat and breathe easily.
Rett syndrome is caused by mutations on the X chromosome on a gene and abnormal breakdown of sphingolipids is involved in the development of Rett syndrome.
In Rett syndrome (RTT) patients, plasmalogen levels are reduced in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and the composition of membrane lipids is compromised, contributing to central nervous system dysfunction.
Plasmalogens have also been implicated in the pathogenesis of several rare diseases: Rett Syndrome, Rhizomelic Chondrodysplasia Punctata, Zellweger syndrome, Huntington's disease and others.
KIT-13, a synthetic derivative of plasmalogen, has been shown strong anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting the nuclear accumulation of p65, suppressing the expression of IL-1β, and inducing phosphorylation of ERK.
These findings suggest that KIT-13 may hold promise for treating Rett syndrome and other neurodegenerative diseases!
Plasmalogens inhibit neuroinflammation and promote cognitive functionAdd a description about this item
Orally Administered Plasmalogens Alleviate Psycho-behavioral Parameters in Patients with Depressive Disorder: An Observational Study
Transient Ca2+ entry by plasmalogen-mediated activation of receptor potential cation channel promotes AMPK activity
Plasmalogen-Mediated Activation of GPCR21 Regulates Cytolytic Activity of NK Cells against the Target Cells
Orally Administered Plasmalogens Alleviate Negative Mood States and Enhance Mental Concentration: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial
Plasmalogens, the Vinyl Ether-Linked Glycerophospholipids, Enhance Learning and Memory by Regulating Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor
Plasmalogen attenuates LPS-induced ICAM-1 expression in endothelial cell line
Therapeutic Efficacy of Plasmalogens for Alzheimer's Disease, Mild Cognitive Impairment, and Parkinson's Disease in Conjuction with a New Hypothesis for the Etiology of Alzheimer's Disease
Biological Functions of Plasmalogens
Improvement of Blood Plasmalogens and Clinical Symptoms in Parkinson's Disease by Oral Adminstration of Ether Phospholipids: A Preliminary Report
Effects of Plasmalogen on Patients with Moderate-to-Severe Alzheimer’s Disease and Blood Plasmalogen Changes: A Multi-Center, Open-Label Study
Plasma and Erythrocyte Membrane Plasmalogens in Patients with Coronary Heart Diseases Undergoing Percutaneous Intervention
Effects of Plasmalogen on Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial in Japan
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